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Introduction
Kashmir is a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The term Kashmir historically described the valley just to the south of the western-most end of the Himalayan range. Politically, however, the term 'Kashmir' describes a much larger area which includes the regions of Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh.
The main "Vale of Kashmir" is relatively low and very fertile, surrounded by magnificent mountains and fed by many mountain streams flowing from adjoining valleys. It is renowned as one of the most spectacularly beautiful places in the world.
Srinagar, the ancient capital, lies alongside Dal Lake and is famous for its canals and houseboats. Srinagar (alt. 1,600 m. or 5,200 ft.) acted as a favored summer capital for many foreign conquerors who found the heat of the north Indian plains in summer oppressive. The Mughal ruler, Jehangir, who built the famed Shalimar Gardens in Kashmir (1619), made the famous statement, “If heaven be on this earth, it is here, it is here".
Geography
Kashmir is a valley whose beauty has been proclaimed by many and stretches out at about 7,200 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) at an elevation of 1,675 meters (5,500 feet). The region is currently divided amongst three countries: Pakistan controls the northwest portion (Northern Areas and Azad Kashmir), India controls the central and southern portion Jammu and Kashmir and the People's Republic of China has occupied the northeastern portion (Aksai Chin). Presently, these regions are in practice administered by their respective claimants.
History
During the 19th century, Kashmir was ruled by the Dogras, who are a predominantly Hindu people in the area around Jammu. Their kings paid tribute to the Sikhs, and were part of the Sikh Empire that arose following the collapse of the Mughal Empire. In 1846 the British East India Company sold Kashmir to a Maharajah for six million rupees and an annual tribute of six Cashmere shawls spun from the wool of Kashmiri goats.
Culture
Kashmiri lifestyle is essentially - irrespective of the differing religious beliefs - slow paced. Generally peace loving people, the culture has been rich enough to reflect the religious diversity as tribes celebrate festivities that divert them from their otherwise monotonous way of life. Kashmiris are known to enjoy their music in its various local forms and the dresses of both sexes are quite colorful. It has a very ancient history and Kashmiri literature, sculpture, music, dance, painting, and architecture have had a profound influence in Asia and beyond.
Economy
Historically, Kashmir came into economic limelight when the world famous Cashmere wool and various handicrafts which were and still are exported to other regions and nations around the world. Kashmiris are well adept at knitting and making shawls, silk carpets, rugs, kurtas and pottery. Kashmir is home to the finest saffron in the world - the Kashmir saffron.
The scenic setting of Kashmir itself has been a major tourist attraction despite the ever present danger result from the current civil unrest. The mode of travel itself is a picturesque sight with many house boats and boat taxis ferrying passengers and goods alike.
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